Elbow Fracture

A broken elbow is also known as an olecranon fracture. It refers to a break in the upper part of the ulna. The elbow is essential for arm movements such as bending and extending, which is why a fracture needs to heal as quickly as possible, often with the help of a cast. Not sure whether your arm is broken or just bruised? Find out here whether you're dealing with a contusion or a fracture—and how to best treat it.

What is a broken elbow?

A broken elbow involves a fracture in the ulna. This bone runs from the wrist upward, alongside the radius. The olecranon is the most noticeable and palpable part of the arm. The olecranon can be fractured in two or more places. This is visible on an X-ray, which can be taken at the emergency department. Surgery is often needed, as the triceps tendon is attached to the olecranon. This tendon can shift the bone’s position, potentially worsening the fracture.

Different types of fractures

There are several types of fractures that can occur in the elbow. These are usually visible on an X-ray. The three main types are:

• Type 1: The bone is broken but not displaced, so it remains in a normal position.
• Type 2: The bone is fractured and has shifted from its normal position.
• Type 3: The most severe type, with multiple fractures in the bone.

In most cases, surgery is not required for Type 1 or 2 fractures. Type 3 fractures, however, typically do require surgery. Supportive devices and physical therapy can help speed up the recovery process.

What causes a broken elbow?

There are several causes of a broken elbow. Try to avoid these where possible to prevent long recovery periods—like spending up to three months in a cast.

• A fall (the most common cause)
• A direct blow to the hand, wrist, elbow, or shoulder
• Sports injury

Broken or bruised elbow?

By identifying your symptoms, you can determine whether you’re dealing with a fracture or a contusion. Review the following signs carefully—if you’re unsure, consult a doctor to confirm your diagnosis.

Symptoms of a broken elbow

Common symptoms of a broken elbow include:

• Moderate to severe pain; difficulty or inability to move the arm
• Stiffness, hardness, or cramping
• Swelling, throbbing, or numbness around the fracture site
• The bone appears deformed
• Sensitivity when touched; the area may feel warm

If you experience numbness or weakness in the forearm, contact a doctor immediately—this may indicate nerve compression.

Symptoms of a bruised elbow

Typical symptoms of a bruised elbow include:

• Pain in the elbow
• Swelling due to fluid buildup
• After a while, bruising may appear; the skin may turn dark blue

The treatment for a bruised elbow differs from that of a fracture. That’s why it’s important to assess your symptoms properly and seek timely medical advice.

How to treat a broken elbow

A broken elbow must be treated properly and promptly. You can take various steps both before and after using medical devices.

Self-care

Rest the arm as much as possible to allow the bones to heal. Apply ice to reduce swelling.

Professional care

If you have a Type 1 or 2 fracture and surgery is not needed, a cast will typically be applied for 3 weeks. After this period, a supportive brace is used. The brace allows you to gradually start moving the arm again and perform exercises to promote recovery.

Tips to prevent a broken elbow

To avoid a broken elbow, consider the following precautions:

• Play sports safely by wearing proper protective gear—especially for activities like horseback riding, football, or hockey
• If you're older or have reduced mobility, ask for assistance or use aids like a wheelchair when moving between places

When are you fully recovered from a broken elbow?

Have you had a broken elbow, or do you suspect a fracture based on the symptoms above? Don’t wait to seek treatment—consult your doctor as soon as possible. Still experiencing discomfort after completing treatment? At Podobrace, we offer elbow braces for extra support.

Not sure which brace is right for your specific condition? Feel free to contact our team of specialists. We’re happy to help you find the right support for your needs.